Effectiveness, safety, and major adverse limb events in atrial fibrillation patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants

26,779 non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus (n=20,967 NOACs, n=5,812 warfarin), Taiwan-based cohort. Key exclusion: deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, mitral stenosis, post valvular surgery, joint replacement therapy within 6 months, end-stage renal disease.

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) including apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban

Warfarin

Effectiveness outcomes (ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, acute myocardial infarction, MACE), major lower limb outcomes (MALE, lower limb amputation), and safety outcomes (intracranial hemorrhage, major gastrointestinal bleeding, all major bleeding)composite