Impact of Vap and Traditional Smoking on Albuminuria and Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio in Young Non-Diabetic People

Objective: to study the level of albuminuria (AU) and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in young people without diabetes and clinically significant cardiovascular diseases, practicing the classic or alternative smoking - vap smoking. Design and method: 270 people were enrolled, (96 men and 174 women) (mean age 21.2 ± 2.3 years). Assessment of the level of AU and creatinine in urine was performed semi-quantitative method using test strips Microalbu Phan (Croatia). Statistical analysis was done using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results: All subjects were separated into 2 groups: smokers (n 73, 27%) and non-smokers (n 197, 73%). The group of smokers were separated into two subgroups: smoking traditional cigarettes (n 51, 69.9%) (smokers), and smoked vape (n 22, 30.1%)(vap-smokers). All subgroups had the same average age, blood pressure and body mass index. The average smoking experience in the smokers was 3.9 ± 3.2 years, in the vape smokers - 3.5 ± 2.2 years (p > 0.05). Higher levels of AU were found in vape smokers (252.7 ± 209.1 mg / day) and tobacco smokers (106.0 ± 76.5 mg/day) when compared with non-smokers (29.8 ± 31.2 mg/day), p < 0.05. The ACR was higher in vape smokers (375.5 ± 289.5 mg/g) and tobacco smokers (204.7 ± 165.5 mg/g) when compared with non-smokers (27.6 ± 20.3 mg/g), p < 0.05. Positive correlations were found between both smoking and vap smoking with ACR (rs 0.3 and rs 0.65, p < 0.05). Similar positive correlations were obtained between the length of smoking and the ACR (rs 0.6, p < 0.05). According to the data of multiple regression analysis of the influence of risk factors on the level of AU and ACR (number of cigarettes smoked, tobacco smoker index; blood pressure, age, gender, body mass index), smoking and its characteristics were affected by this model: tobacco smoker index (p = 0,000013, Beta = 0,38, St. Er Beta = 0,08) and the fact of vap smoking. Conclusions: Traditional and vap smoking are reliably associated with higher levels of AU and ACR. In the group of vape smokers, the average levels of AU and ACR are higher than in traditional smokers.