Circularly polarized luminescence from porphyrin-containing (supra)molecular systems

Functional dyes showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have attracted considerable attention. Porphyrins and porphyrinoids have characteristic properties useful for the development of CPL materials, although the examples of CPL-active porphyrins and porphyrinoids are still limited. Here we have summarized recent progress in CPL-active systems containing porphyrins or phthalocyanines, which are classified into the following four categories: (i) porphyrins with chiral sources; (ii) axially chiral porphyrin dimers; (iii) self-assembled porphyrins; (iv) porphyrin-sensitized CPL dyes.