Hospitality and Tourism Education and Making of Entreprenuers: A Review

OVERVIEW Hospitality and Tourism IndustryTourism has been described as both an economic and social phenomenon having been regarded as a driving force, constituting a major source of income for socio-economic development for many countries of the world.Tourism is a growth industry, growing in the face of economic recession and even faster than the global economy; it is a sustainable source of jobs and driver of growth for each region of the world.Travel &Tourism industry grows faster than the global economy and contributes about 10% of global GDP and 6% of the world's total exports (United Nations World Tourism Organization [UNWTO] (2015).Hospitality and tourism are interrelated and interdependent; in other words, none can operate successfully in the absence of the other.Both hospitality and tourism are a multi-disciplinary phenomenon, thus, they are defined from different perspectives.While hospitality sector provides mainly accommodation, food and drinks to tourists, tourism sector supplies recreation and entertainment.Tourism is defined as the set of relationships and phenomena resulting from the voluntary movement and stay of people (tourists) out of their normal place of residence as long as the movement does not lead to permanent residence and are unrelated to any gainful employment (Hunziker and Krapf, 1941) in Wikipedia.org(2020), "Temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal work and subsistence, activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations and the facilities created to meet their needs" (Mathieson & Wall, 2006).There are other definitions by UNWTO (2010), Macintosh and Goeldner (1986), andJafari (2000).The common denominators in their definitions are that tourism is for pleasure (recreation) and temporary movement.The UNWTO added the trip must exceed one consecutive year for business and other purposes.Tourism is noted to be one of the most rapidly growing industries and has becomean important economic activity in most countries of the world.(Meyer & Meyer, 2015;Solvoll, Alsos, &Bulanova, 2015).Also, Solvoll, et al. (2015), Ntshangase and Ezeuduji (2019) posit that tourism as an industry is Abstract: With the inclusion of entrepreneurial education in tourism as an academic discipline in the universities, tourism education has undergone some transformations.In this review, the authors attempted to contribute to an ongoing debate as to whether hospitality and tourism education offered by universities can effectively produce entrepreneurs in these sectors of the economy.The review defined and explained entrepreneurship and who the entrepreneur is.The work examined the link between tourism entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurship interest in students and opposing views were discovered in the literature.The majority view is that there is positive relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurship interest.There are conceptual and theoretical grounds and substantial empirical evidence supporting the positive relationship between entrepreneurial education offered by universities and colleges and entrepreneurship interest.The role of higher institutions in inculcating entrepreneurship spirit in students and the structure of the academic work are proposed.