Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
A kind of slow relaxation of field-induced piezoelectric resonance is observed in paraelectric barium stannate titanate ceramics. The piezoelectric resonance peaks vanish in several minutes when bias field is either applied or removed. These phenomena may be universal for dielectrics and can be explained by a model of slow dipoles composed of injected homocharges. With this model, the authors predict a negative piezoelectric modulus of d33 when just the bias field is removed, and verify it by experimental results.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Wei et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: