Why the study?
Intimal hyperplasia causes stenosis and graft occlusion leading to graft failure, motivating analysis of how graft geometry affects flow around a partially blocked artery.
A computational fluid dynamics model identified optimal parameters for coronary bypass grafts, including a 30° bypass angle and a bypass diameter 1.25 times the artery diameter, to minimize pressure drop.
Stenosis, angle, and diameter ratios influence bypass graft flow; leaves open optimal constructal parameters for clinical validation.
Intimal hyperplasia, an aberrant proliferation of smooth muscle cells that causes stenosis and graft occlusion, is the primary cause of the failure of grafts after a few years. In this way, and using the constructal design method, this study looks at how the stenosis degree, junction angle, and diameter ratio affect the flow through a bypass graft that goes around an idealised coronary artery partially blocked. The results show that the flow effect by several factors: Stenosis ratio (S), Bypass Attachment Point (L2), Bypass Angle (α), and Bypass Diameter (D1). The results indicate that the pressure drop is reduced when S is low, the optimal attachment point L2 = 4 Artery diameter (D), the optimal angle α = 30°, and the optimal D1 = 1.25D.
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Hashem Shatnawi (2022) studied this question.
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