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A high gain of 27 dB is achieved in an erbium-doped silica-based planar waveguide amplifier integrated with a directional coupler which multiplexes the signal and pump light. A low noise figure of 5.0 dB is attained with the planar amplifier by using an integrated coupler which is formed of erbium-doped silica-based waveguides.
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Hattori et al. (1994) studied this question.
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