Why the study?
INOCA is an increasingly recognized cause of angina, especially in women, with coronary microvascular dysfunction causing half of cases.
This review summarizes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of coronary microvascular dysfunction, which is the underlying cause of INOCA in half of cases.
CMD evaluation may aid angina diagnosis in women; leaves open standardized testing and targeted therapies.
Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is an increasingly recognized cause of angina, and it is more commonly diagnosed in women. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), or the abnormal dilation and constriction of the small vessels of the heart, is the underlying cause of INOCA in one-half of cases. This review discusses coronary microvascular pathophysiology, considerations for invasive coronary function testing and noninvasive diagnostic modalities, implications for management, and remaining knowledge gaps.
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Tjoe et al. (2021) studied this question.
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