Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Current Insights and Future Perspectives

Figure 1. Number of citations per year with the search term ‘hypoplastic left heart syndrome (gray bars), superimposed with the subset of citations with the search term ‘hypoplastic left heart syndrome regurgitation (blue bars) (data courtesy of Lens).

Figure 2. Overview of the characteristics of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and the timeline and surgical corrections for the three-stage cardiac palliative surgeries.

Figure 3. Outlining the predominant mechanisms of tricuspid regurgitation in HLHS.

Figure 4. (a) Image segmentation of the TV leaflets from a 3D echocardiogram of a newborn with HLHS; (b) simplified finite element model used in (c) the inverse analysis framework; and (d) representative results from the inverse modeling.

Figure 5. (a) TV model based on the average measurements of our cohort of n=8 neonates with HLHS; (b) visualization of the annulus contraction in the finite element simulations; (c) diagram depicting the top–down viewpoint (represented by the dot) and eight offset viewpoints used to (d) quantify the maximum regurgitation orifice area (all views from the same representative simulation).

Figure 6. (a) The k-means clustering classification of non-TR and TR groups (note that the natural logarithm of the ROA value is used for better visualization); (b) ROC curves generated from multivariate logistic models using a maximum of 3, 5, or 7 predictor variables; and (c) precision–recall curves for each of the multivariate models.