What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the effects of three antianginal medications—gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol—on heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability compared with placebo.

September 1, 1993HeartOpen Access

Heart rate variability in time and frequency domains: effects of gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol compared with placebo.

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Why the study?

Do gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol affect heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability compared with placebo in healthy male volunteers?

Key Points

To evaluate the effects of three antianginal medications—gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol—on heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability compared with placebo.
Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial conducted at a university hospital in 9 healthy male volunteers.
Participants received single oral doses of 50 mg gallopamil, 20 mg nifedipine, 100 mg metoprolol, or placebo according to a crossover schedule.
Electrocardiographic R-R intervals were recorded via digital Holter monitors (5 ms accuracy), and continuous arterial pressure was monitored using finger plethysmography.
Metoprolol lowered heart rate from 62(6) to 51(5) beats/min (p = 0.003) at 78(23) minutes, whereas nifedipine induced reflex tachycardia from 56(5) to 94(18) beats/min (p < 0.001) at 10(3) minutes alongside a reduction in supine mean arterial pressure from 86(6) to 67(6) mm Hg (p = 0.004).
Gallopamil produced no statistically significant changes in mean heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure.
In the sitting position at three hours post-dose, gallopamil and metoprolol significantly reduced power spectral density in the low-frequency band (0.03 Hz to 0.15 Hz) compared with placebo (p < 0.05), an effect absent with nifedipine.

Structured PICO

Do gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol affect heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability compared with placebo in healthy male volunteers?

Population

9 healthy male volunteers

Intervention

Oral administration of 50 mg gallopamil, 20 mg nifedipine, or 100 mg metoprolol

Comparator

Placebo

Outcome

Time intervals between consecutive R waves in electrocardiograms (measured with an accuracy of 5 ms from digital Holter recordings) and blood pressure (monitored continuously by finger plethysmography)surrogate

Gallopamil and metoprolol inhibit cardiac sympathetic activation, whereas nifedipine causes reflex sympathetic activation in healthy volunteers.

Discussion

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Implication

Gallopamil and metoprolol blunt sympathetic drive while nifedipine augments it; extends mechanistic evidence on autonomic modulation by these agents.

Cite This Study

Schweizer et al. (1993) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a718413660549caf2c61cd6 https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.70.3.252

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Implication

Gallopamil and metoprolol blunt sympathetic drive while nifedipine augments it; extends mechanistic evidence on autonomic modulation by these agents.

Heart rate variability in time and frequency domains: effects of gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol compared with placebo.

Key Points

Structured PICO

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Heart rate variability in time and frequency domains: effects of gallopamil, nifedipine, and metoprolol compared with placebo.

Key Points

Structured PICO

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider