Population
Human subjects (sample size not stated)
Comparison
CO2 laser beam thermal stimulation vs Warmth detection
Design
Other
Authors
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Offers experimental support for dual-level nociceptive detection; leaves open translation to clinical pain assessment or management.
This experimental approach demonstrates that pain nociception acts as a double level alarm system based on level detectors, whereas warmth detection is based on difference detectors.
Plaghki et al. (2010) studied this question.