What question did this study set out to answer?

Investigate the cellular immune mechanisms and hormonal factors driving sex-specific differences in susceptibility to myocarditis after coxsackievirus B3 infection.

August 1, 1994Journal of VirologyOpen Access

Differential Th1 and Th2 cell responses in male and female BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus group B type 3

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Population

Male and female BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)

Comparison

Sex hormone treatment, monoclonal antibody to… vs Untreated mice or opposite sex counterparts

Design

Preclinical

Authors

SHSally A. HuberUniversity of Vermont BPB PfaeffleUniversity of Vermont

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Suggests sex hormones shape viral myocarditis via Th1/Th2 balance in mice; leaves open relevance to human susceptibility or therapy.

Key Points

Investigate the cellular immune mechanisms and hormonal factors driving sex-specific differences in susceptibility to myocarditis after coxsackievirus B3 infection.
Infected male and female BALB/c mice with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to compare antibody isotypic responses (IgG2a and IgG1) and CD4+ T cell cytokine production (gamma interferon, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5).
Treated female mice with testosterone or anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibodies, and male mice with estradiol, prior to CVB3 infection to evaluate changes in Th cell differentiation and myocardial inflammation.
Performed adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from CVB3-infected female donors to male recipients, with or without neutralizing antibodies against CD3, CD4, or IL-4.
Infected male mice mounted a dominant Th1 response (high IgG2a, IFN-gamma, and IL-2) alongside severe myocardial inflammation, whereas females mounted a dominant, protective Th2 response (high IgG1, IL-4, and IL-5).
Sex hormone cross-treatment or neutralizing IL-4 in female mice shifted lymphocyte differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype (reduced IL-4, increased IFN-gamma) and enhanced myocardial inflammation.
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells from female mice protected male recipients from myocarditis, but this protection was eliminated by donor treatment with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, or anti-IL-4 antibodies.

Structured PICO

Population

Male and female BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)

Intervention

Sex hormone treatment (testosterone in females, estradiol in males), monoclonal antibody to IL-4, and adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes

Comparator

Untreated mice or opposite sex counterparts

Outcome

Th1 and Th2 cell phenotypic responses and development of myocardial inflammation (myocarditis)surrogate

Sex differences in CVB3-induced myocarditis susceptibility are driven by differential Th1/Th2 responses, which are modulated by sex hormones.

Cite This Study

Huber et al. (1994) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a71a48ca528af2d65c42877 https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.8.5126-5132.1994

Topics

Myocarditis

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Differential Th1 and Th2 cell responses in male and female BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus group B type 3

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Topics

Differential Th1 and Th2 cell responses in male and female BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus group B type 3

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Topics

Also Consider