Key result
Electrocardiographic evaluation of 450 healthy Indian children established local reference values, demonstrating that males have higher mean QRS duration, PR interval, and precordial R-wave amplitudes than females.
Cross-Sectional (n=450)
No
This study establishes local electrocardiographic reference values for healthy school children in Kerala, India, highlighting significant age and gender-specific differences that necessitate population-specific standards.
Supports sex-specific ECG norms for Indian children; leaves open diagnostic impact versus imported references.
Background: Electrocardiography is a simple, non-invasive and relatively cheap investigative tool used for cardiac evaluation. However, there are limited electrocardiographic studies of Indian children. These differences may also be seen in children, hence, the need to develop local reference values. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on selected 450 subjects. An 12 lead ECG was measured on all subjects. Results: There were two hundred and twenty boys (48.3 %) and two hundred and thirty girls (51.7 %). The mean heart rate decreased with increasing age. R wave amplitudes were higher in the left precordial leads, in keeping with left ventricular dominance. Mean values were higher in males than females in the three age-groups in most of the precordial and limb leads. In V4R, V2, andV3 highest mean R wave voltages of 0.5+0.1 mV, 1.4+0.3 mV and 1.4+0.2 mV were recorded in the 5-7-year-old. While in V5, and V6 the mean R waves were higher in the 12-15-year-old age-group (3.7+ 0.5 mV and 2.5+0.4 mV respectively). The S-Waves showed progressive decrease in its amplitude on the left precordial leads with increasing age. Conclusion: The mean values in heart rate, QRS duration, PR interval, P wave amplitude showed higher amplitudes in males. Similarly higher amplitudes of R-waves in male children were recorded in precordial leads V2, V3, V5 and V6 in the three age-groups.
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Ussama Munir (2016) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=450). Electrocardiographic evaluation was evaluated on Electrocardiographic reference values (heart rate, QRS duration, PR interval, and wave amplitudes). Electrocardiographic evaluation of 450 healthy Indian children established local reference values, demonstrating that males have higher mean QRS duration, PR interval, and precordial R-wave amplitudes than females.
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