The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats

T he number of tobacco smokers worldwide increased to 1.1 billion in 2019. Tobacco smoke contains various compounds that are harmful to smokers and nonsmokers alike In 2013, the World Health Organization attributed 6 million deaths worldwide to smoking. Therefore, reducing smoking is a significant public health objective Most smokers want to quit smoking, but only about one out of every ten adult smokers succeeds Although traditional techniques to minimize smoking have been employed, such as organizing activities to highlight the dangers of smoking or boosting cigarette taxes, the number of smokers continues to increase. Therefore, there is a clear requirement for novel approaches in this respect