Key result
Depression with sleep complaints was associated with higher heart rate across all sleep stages (p=0.015) and lower heart rate variability during REM and NREM sleep compared to healthy controls.
Why the study?
To assess mean HR and HRV across wake, REM sleep, and varying levels of NREM sleep depth in individuals with depression and sleep complaints.
Do individuals with depression and sleep complaints have altered autonomic cardiac regulation across different sleep stages compared to healthy controls?
Case-Control (n=56)
Do individuals with depression and sleep complaints have altered autonomic cardiac regulation across different sleep stages compared to healthy controls?
p-value: p=0.015
Individuals with depression and sleep complaints exhibit higher heart rates and reduced heart rate variability during sleep, suggesting impaired parasympathetic autonomic modulation.
May flag elevated CV risk via autonomic dysregulation; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed mean heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) across wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep, and across varying levels of NREM sleep depth in individuals with depression and sleep complaints. METHODS: Retrospective polysomnographic data were obtained for 25 individuals diagnosed as having depression (84% female; mean age = 33.8 ± 12.2 years) and 31 mentally healthy controls (58.1% female; mean age = 37.2 ± 12.4 years). All were free of psychotropic and cardiovascular medication, cardiovascular disease, and sleep-related breathing disorders. HR and time-domain HRV parameters were computed on 30-second electrocardiography segments and averaged across the night for each stage of sleep and wake. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the depression group had higher HR across wake, REM, and all levels of NREM depth (F(1,51) = 6.3, p = .015). Significant group by sleep stage interactions were found for HRV parameters: SD of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN; F(2.1,107.7) = 4.4, p = .014) and root mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD; F(2.2,113.5) = 3.2, p = .041). No significant group difference was found for SDNN or RMSSD during wake (all, p ≥ .32). However, compared with the control group, the depression group had significantly lower SDNN in REM (p = .040) and all NREM stages (all p ≤ .045), and lower RMSSD during NREM 2 (p = .033) and NREM 3 (p = .034). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the abnormalities in autonomic cardiac regulation associated with depression and sleep problems are more prominent during sleep, especially NREM sleep, than during wake. This may be due to abnormalities in parasympathetic modulation of cardiac activity.
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Saad et al. (2020) conducted a case-control in Depression and sleep complaints (n=56). Depression and sleep complaints vs. Mentally healthy controls was evaluated on Mean heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) across wake, REM, and NREM sleep (p=0.015). Depression with sleep complaints was associated with higher heart rate across all sleep stages (p=0.015) and lower heart rate variability during REM and NREM sleep compared to healthy controls.
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