Comparative Genomics: Insights into the Evolutionary History of Eucommia ulmoides

Eucommia ulmoides , commonly known as the hardy rubber tree, is a unique and economically significant tree species with applications in rubber production as well as traditional medicine. This review delves into the evolutionary history of E. ulmoides through comparative genomics, highlighting key findings from recent genomic studies. High-quality genome assemblies have revealed significant insights into the genetic architecture and evolutionary mechanisms of this tree. Notably, the genome of E. ulmoides has undergone a whole-genome duplication event, contributing to its complex genomic structure and the expansion of gene families involved in rubber biosynthesis and stress responses. Comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes have identified heterogeneous sequence divergence and mutation hotspots, providing valuable information for conservation genetics. Transcriptome studies have uncovered sex-biased gene expression and potential sex-determination genes, shedding light on the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in this dioecious species. Additionally, high-density genetic maps and QTL analysis have facilitated the identification of growth-related traits, paving the way for genetic improvement and breeding programs. This review presents a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic innovations of E. ulmoides , offering new perspectives for its conservation and utilization.