Key result
Cytokine-expressing RNA adjuvants combined with ovalbumin or inactivated influenza vaccines increased T-cell responses and reduced clinical illness scores and weight loss in mice after viral challenge.
Why the study?
Developing new adjuvants that can effectively induce humoral and cellular immune responses while broadening the immune response is of great value.
Developing new adjuvants that can effectively induce humoral and cellular immune responses while broadening the immune response is of great value. In this study, we aimed to develop single-stranded RNA adjuvants expressing (1) granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor or (2) interleukin 18 based on the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site; we also tested their efficacy in combination with ovalbumin or inactivated influenza vaccines. Notably, cytokine-expressing RNA adjuvants increased the expression of antigen-presenting cell activation markers in mice. Specifically, when combined with ovalbumin, RNA adjuvants expressing granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor increased CD4+ T-cell responses, while those expressing interleukin 18 increased CD8+ T-cell responses. Cytokine-expressing RNA adjuvants further increased the frequency of polyclonal T cells with the influenza vaccine and reduced the clinical illness scores and weight loss of mice after viral challenge. Collectively, our results suggest that cytokine-expressing RNA adjuvants can be applied to protein-based or inactivated vaccines to increase their efficacy.
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Lee et al. (2023) studied Vaccine efficacy. Cytokine-expressing internal ribosome entry site-based RNA adjuvants vs. Vaccine alone was evaluated on Immune response (T-cell responses, clinical illness scores, weight loss). Cytokine-expressing RNA adjuvants combined with ovalbumin or inactivated influenza vaccines increased T-cell responses and reduced clinical illness scores and weight loss in mice after viral challenge.
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