Why the study?
Pulmonary vein isolation for AF ablation requires complex catheter manipulation in the LA and carries risks of relevant complications.
Intra-left atrial intracardiac echocardiography can critically detect flat posterior wall left atrial thrombi that may be missed by standard transesophageal echocardiography views in patients with prior maze procedures and left atrial appendage removal.
May support adjunctive intra-LA echo for thrombus detection during PVI; leaves open need for prospective validation.
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Tsurugi et al. (2024) studied this question.
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