Effects of Volume Loading on Pulmonary Venous Flow Pattern in Dogs with Normal Left Ventricular Function

6 open-chest dogs with normal left ventricular function

Volume loading via intravenous infusion of dextran to increase mean left atrial pressure by approximately 1, 2, and 3 mm Hg above control

Control state (baseline before dextran infusion)

Pulmonary venous flow pattern (systolic flow volume, early diastolic flow volume, flow volume during left atrial contraction, and flow volume during one cardiac cycle)surrogate