Psychometric properties of the Turkish SATAQ-4R in a community sample of adult women: A confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance study

Guided by the Tripartite Influence Model, we aimed to re-evaluate the factorial structure, reliability, and convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the existing Turkish version of the SATAQ-4R in a community sample of 385 women aged 18-65 years (M = 26.33, SD = 10.05). Confirmatory factor analysis using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (DWLS) estimator supported the original seven-factor model with good fit (χ²(413) = 1086, p < .001, CMIN/df = 2.63, CFI = .996, TLI = .995, RMSEA = .070, 90% CI [.067, .076], SRMR = .070). All subscales demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency (α and ω ranging from .82 to .96) and satisfactory two-week test-retest reliability (r = .70-.96). Convergent validity was supported by theoretically consistent positive associations with measures of disordered eating (r = .23-.63), appearance comparisons (r = .21-.61), and cosmetic surgery acceptance (r = .15-.44), and significant negative associations with body appreciation (r = -.24 to -.55). Discriminant validity was supported by Heterotrait-Monotrait ratios (.15-.83), all below the .85 threshold, confirming seven empirically distinct subscales. Measurement invariance testing supported configural, full metric, and scalar invariance across younger (18-25 years) and older (26-65 years) age groups. Criterion validity was supported by significant differences in Significant Others Pressure scores across Body Mass Index (BMI) groups, with women in higher BMI categories reporting greater appearance-related pressure. These findings indicate that the Turkish SATAQ-4R is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing sociocultural appearance pressures and internalization in adult Turkish women, supporting its use in research and clinical contexts in Türkiye.