To evaluate the decomposition and formation characteristics of estrogenic compounds during ozonation, semibatch ozonation experiments were conducted using the prototypical estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2). Ozonation was shown to be very effective for decomposition of E2 and decrease of estrogenicity. An E2 equivalent concentration index was introduced based on the estrogenicity intensity measured with Estrogen Competition Binding Assay (ECB Assay). The importance of evaluation of estrogenicity by ECB Assay was shown by the difference in removal efficiencies between E2 equivalent concentration and the E2 itself. Through this research, ozonation was shown to be a promising method to remove E2 without any formation of estrogenic by-products from secondary-treated sewage, which contained E2 of ngL level and total organic carbon (TOC) of several mgL.
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Kim et al. (2004) studied this question.