What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate current evidence regarding the anatomy, diagnosis, imaging, classification, prognosis, return to play, and recurrence of triceps surae muscle injuries.

July 3, 2026British Medical Bulletin

Triceps surae muscle injuries—a clinical challenge more complex than you think

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Authors

RBRamón BaliusGeneralitat de Catalunya CPCarles PedretUniversity of Leeds MPMontse Pujol-MarzoCentro Tecnológico del Agua

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Implication

Structured narrative review reveals high recurrence and diagnostic complexity in athletic calf muscle injuries, highlighting the need for muscle-specific classifications and targeted loading.

Key Points

To evaluate current evidence regarding the anatomy, diagnosis, imaging, classification, prognosis, return to play, and recurrence of triceps surae muscle injuries.
Conducted a structured narrative review searching PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus through February 23, 2026.
Identified and synthesized 82 relevant articles, including eight seminal historical studies on calf muscle injuries.
Calf injuries cause substantial time loss and high recurrence rates, with older age and previous calf strain identified as the most consistent risk factors.
Soleus injuries are routinely underdiagnosed, and structural connective tissue disruption (aponeurosis or intramuscular tendon) provides greater prognostic value than fluid oedema alone.
General muscle injury grading systems fail to capture distal calf complexity, driving a shift toward muscle-specific, tissue-based classification and progressive sport-specific mechanical loading during rehabilitation.

Cite This Study

Balius et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7256cff44fa9f079dfdc74 https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldag021

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Implication

Structured narrative review reveals high recurrence and diagnostic complexity in athletic calf muscle injuries, highlighting the need for muscle-specific classifications and targeted loading.

Triceps surae muscle injuries—a clinical challenge more complex than you think

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Triceps surae muscle injuries—a clinical challenge more complex than you think

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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