Experimental Verification of Monte Carlo Dose Calculations for Photon and Electron Beams

Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation algorithms are considered the gold standard in external beam radiotherapy due to their high accuracy in modeling radiation transport.In this work, an experimental verification of Monte Carlo dose calculations for photon and electron beams was performed using the Monaco Treatment Planning System (TPS).Using an Elekta Infinity linear accelerator, measurements were obtained for photon energies of 6 MV, 6 MV FFF, and 10 MV, as well as electron energies ranging from 4 to 15 MeV.Point dose measurements were conducted in a water phantom using a Farmer-type ionization chamber and complemented by measurements in RW3 solid phantoms to assess the algorithm performance under different field sizes, depths, source-to-surface distances, and irradiation geometries.The calculated doses obtained with the Monte Carlo algorithm were directly compared with experimental measurements.For photon beams, the agreement between calculated and measured doses was within 1.8% for all tested configurations, while for electron beams the observed differences remained below 1.7% across all energies and setups.Additional tests involving clinically relevant field configurations further confirmed the stability and consistency of the Monte Carlo calculations.The results demonstrate excellent agreement between Monte Carlo dose calculations and experimental measurements, supporting the accuracy and reliability of the Monte Carlo algorithm for clinical photon and electron beam dose calculation in modern radiotherapy.