Prevalence of Canine Leishmaniosis and Ecological Risk Factors, Related to Infection in Dog Populations in Albania

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of significant impact in Albania, particularly influenced by the presence of sand fly vectors.This study aimed to assess and detect the presence of Leishmania infection in dogs across several districts in Albania and identify associated risk factors.For this purpose, sera from 200 owned dogs between November 2023 and November 2024, were collected and tested.44 out of tested dogs were serologically positive, resulting in an overall positivity rate of 22.0%.The Lezhë district showed the lowest prevalence at 5.56%, while the Gjirokastër district had the highest at 38.71%.Among the afflicted dogs, 38.64% displayed classic clinical signs of Canine Leishmaniasis, including gastrointestinal medical conditions, lymphdenomegaly, and skin abnormalities.Common laboratory abnormalities included anemia (77.27%), hyperglobulinemia (77.27%), and hyperproteinemia (61.36%), were also detected.Identified risk factors for infection included age, breed, and living conditions.This study underscores the substantial prevalence of Canine Leishmaniasis in Albania, highlighting the necessity for ongoing monitoring and control efforts in endemic areas.The results provide valuable new information regarding the detection, distribution and epidemiology of the disease among infected dogs in Albania.