Meta‐analysis of risk and protective factors for gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention

Aim To quantitatively analyse factors related to gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention and provide evidence for the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding. Data Sources and Review Methods Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, and Ovid databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2018; case‐control and cohort studies published in English were included. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was performed using Revman version 5.3. Results A total of 16 publications yielded data about risk factors. It was found that age older than 70 years, age (per 10‐year increase), female sex, baseline anaemia, history of smoking, history of using alcohol, history of peptic ulcer disease, chronic renal failure, previous bleeding, shock, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, prior use of inotropic medications, and prior use of antithrombotic medications were positively associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Four articles yielded data about protective factors. It was found that proton‐pump inhibitor and bivalirudin therapy were negatively associated with gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusion This research found risk and protective factors which can assist in effective management of this potentially fatal complication.