The stratum corneum—Some structural and functional correlates

The human skin surface outside the areas bearing dermatoglyphics has been studied and an attempt made to explain the surface pattern in simple geometric and functional terms. The basic geometrical unit is a rectangle or square which in turn is subdivided by one or two diagonals. The triangles and diamonds thus formed undergo varying degrees of collapse under tension. These collapse units are sometimes composed of smaller polygonal compressible sub units with a distinctly honeycomb appearance. The hexagonal shape of the individual horny cell is an ideal smallest structural unit within this geometric system. The regional differences are considerable, but can be explained by the regional differences in the mechanical requirements. These features are of considerable functional significance for the stretching and deformation of the essentially inelastic stratum corneum