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November 1, 1977Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

Fluid Stresses in the Vicinity of Disk, Ball, and Tilting Disk Prosthetic Heart Valves From In-Vitro Measurements

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Why the study?

What are the fluid stresses and velocity profiles in the vicinity of different prosthetic heart valves in an in-vitro model?

Population

In-vitro steady flow test apparatus with an axisymmetric aortic shaped test chamber

Comparison

Prosthetic heart valve configurations vs Comparison among different valve types

Design

Preclinical

Authors

RFRichard FigliolaTMThomas J. J. Mueller

Discussion

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Overview

Disk-type valves may risk hemolysis via high stresses; leaves open optimal designs pending clinical validation.

Key Points

  • To measure local momentum transfer, velocity profiles, and turbulent stresses downstream of four prosthetic heart valve designs to pinpoint regions hazardous to red blood cells.
  • Tested model disk, Kay-Shiley disk, Starr-Edwards ball, and Bjork-Shiley tilting disk prosthetic valves in an axisymmetric, aortic-shaped steady flow chamber.
  • Conducted measurements at Reynolds numbers of 2000, 4000, and 6000 using hot-wire anemometry.
  • Large separated flow zones emerged across all valve designs behind the sewing ring, distal to the occluder, and along the chamber wall.
  • Velocity gradients and turbulent stresses reaching potentially hemolytic thresholds were measured distal to all tested valves.
  • Disk-type occluders generated the largest velocity gradients and localized shear stresses among the evaluated geometries.

Structured PICO

What are the fluid stresses and velocity profiles in the vicinity of different prosthetic heart valves in an in-vitro model?

P
Population
In-vitro steady flow test apparatus with an axisymmetric aortic shaped test chamber
I
Intervention
Prosthetic heart valve configurations (model disk, Kay-Shiley disk, Starr-Edwards ball, and Bjork-Shiley tilting disk)
C
Comparator
Comparison among different valve types
O
Outcome
Local momentum transfer and turbulence data (fluid stresses, velocity profiles, velocity gradients)surrogate

In-vitro measurements reveal that prosthetic heart valves, particularly disk-type occluders, generate velocity gradients and turbulent stresses potentially capable of causing hemolysis.

Cite This Study

Figliola et al. (1977) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a727efeac440176ef2ab546https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3426286
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Velocity and Shear Stress Distribution Downstream of Mechanical Heart Valves in Pulsatile Flow1989 · 33 citations
  2. 2On the Hemolytic and Thrombogenic Potential of Occluder Prosthetic Heart Valves From In-Vitro Measurements1981 · 46 citations
  3. 3Unsteady Fluid Dynamics of Several Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valves Using a Two Component Laser Doppler Anemometer System1997 · 15 citations
  4. 4Two-Component Laser Velocimeter Measurements Downstream of Heart Valve Prostheses in Pulsatile Flow1986 · 30 citations
  5. 5A Detailed Fluid Mechanics Study of Tilting Disk Mechanical Heart Valve Closure and the Implications to Blood Damage2008 · 19 citations