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This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of a functionally graded material combining Inconel 825 and stainless steel 309LSi.

Development and characterization of Inconel 825/309LSi stainless steel functionally graded material fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

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This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of a functionally graded material combining Inconel 825 and stainless steel 309LSi.
Fabricated defect-free FGMs via pulsed cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing.
Conducted microstructural analysis using elemental mapping, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Performed tensile testing and hardness measurements to evaluate mechanical properties.
Achieved an ultimate tensile strength of 654 MPa at the interface region, exceeding similar systems.
Microstructural analysis showed refined grain structures and a smooth compositional gradient across the interface.
Hardness increased gradually from stainless steel 309LSi to Inconel 825, demonstrating graded properties.

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Randomized trial evaluates mechanical properties of Inconel 825/309LSi FGMs, suggesting effective manufacturing techniques.

Bellamkonda et al. (2026) studied this question.

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