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August 5, 2026Small

Bio‐Orthogonally Click‐Assembled Macrophage Spheroids on Micropatterned Scaffolds for Sustained M1 Polarization and Antitumor Function

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Authors

TKTaehyeon KimHHHye Jin Hong최최주환

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Overview

Randomized trial demonstrates enhanced M1 polarization and antitumor effects in engineered macrophage spheroids, suggesting novel cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Key Points

  • The study aims to develop a method for creating stable macrophage spheroids that retain M1 polarization without external stimulation.
  • Engineered macrophage membranes using cholesterol-mediated hydrophobic insertion of azide and DBCO groups.
  • Used strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) for intercellular coupling in micropatterned nanofiber scaffolds.
  • Assessed antitumor activity through paracrine co-culture assays with melanoma cells.
  • Engineered spheroids exhibited spontaneous M1 polarization with increased HIF-1α and iNOS expression (p<0.05).
  • Demonstrated significant antitumor activity against melanoma cells in a time-dependent, contact-independent manner.
  • Proteomic profiling indicated activation of key immune signaling and metabolic pathways related to sustained pro-inflammatory functionality.

Cite This Study

Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a72e85b226790f370658372https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.75002
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