Serum Renin Levels Increase With Age in Boys Resulting in Higher Renin Levels in Young Men Compared to Young Women, and Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Correlates With Renin and Body Mass Index
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Key result
Male sex and increasing age were associated with significantly higher serum renin levels from puberty onwards, reaching 41% higher levels in men than women at age 23.5.
Why the study?
It was unclear if age- and sex-related differences exist in basal renin-angiotensin system activity, and whether renin and soluble ACE2 correlate with BMI in children and young adults.
Population
Population-based cohort of children followed into young adulthood evaluated at ages 9.9 to 23.5 years
Comparison
Age and sex differences and correlations between renin, sACE2, and BMI
Design
Prospectively followed observational cohort study
Authors
Discussion
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Implication
May warrant sex- and age-adjusted renin reference ranges post-puberty; leaves open relevance to hypertension evaluation.
Study Design
Type
Cohort (n=349)
Multicenter
No
Structured PICO
P
Population
349 healthy children from a population-based cohort in Sweden, followed prospectively from age 7.7 to 23.5 years to assess age- and sex-related differences in serum renin.
O
Outcome
Age- and sex differences in serum renin, and the relationship between renin, soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2), and body mass index (BMI)surrogate
Main Result
Absolute Event Rate: 7.1% vs 6.6%
p-value: p=3.0 × 10-7
Renin levels increase with age in boys and correlate with sACE2 and BMI, suggesting potential mechanisms for higher COVID-19 risk in adult males and obese individuals.
Limitations
- The cohort was only followed into young adulthood.
- Lack of longitudinal blood pressure data.
- Inability to assess mACE2 and cell ADAM-17 activity in serum.
- lack of longitudinal blood pressure data
- cannot assess mACE2 and cell ADAM-17 activity in serum
Cite This Study
Jehpsson et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Healthy children and young adults (n=349). Male sex and increasing age vs. Female sex and younger age was evaluated on Serum renin levels (Normalized Protein eXpression) at age 23.5 years (p=3.0 × 10-7). Male sex and increasing age were associated with significantly higher serum renin levels from puberty onwards, reaching 41% higher levels in men than women at age 23.5.
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