The behavior of large and small-scale bubble plumes is compared with that of plumes in which the buoyancy is miscible with the surrounding fluid. It is found that the structure of bubble plumes is determined by the value of a Weber number based on the ratio of buoyant and surface tension forces at the source. At low Weber numbers the structure tends to be self-preserving and the current generating capability is otpimized.
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David L. Wilkinson (1979) studied this question.