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A one-pot procedure for the conversion of aromatic and heteroaromatic 2-nitroamines into bicyclic 2H-benzimidazoles is described. The procedure employs formic acid, iron powder, and an additive such as NH4Cl to reduce the nitro group and effect the imidazole cyclization with high-yielding conversions generally within one to two hours. The compatibility with a wide range of functionality demonstrates the general utility of this procedure.
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Hanan et al. (2010) studied this question.
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