The study of corruption has advanced in recent years from a backwater on the social science map to higher academic ground. Two broad concerns underlie this progress and pervade the concepts and procedures now current in the field. One concern is to change the nature of inquiry from an inquisition of immoral individuals to an investigation of the actual workings of corruption in the society. The second is to apply systems analysis to these workings, with an eye to gaining new insights into the processes of modernization and political
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Charles A. Schwartz (1979) studied this question.
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