An essential component of India's energy environment, the thermal power industry, plays a major role in the production of electricity. The power sector has several problems, however, including as financial strains, operational inefficiencies, aging infrastructure, regulatory restrictions, and environmental issues. Addressing these concerns, this review examines the current state of installed capacity and performance across all energy sources. Alongside sustainability initiatives such as pollution control; water conservation and fly ash utilization; and technological advancements such as high-efficiency technologies such as supercritical, ultra-supercritical systems, advanced ultra-supercritical systems, carbon capture and storage, and renewable integrations are discussed. The review highlights the necessity of policy changes and innovations by drawing on successful implementations and international best practices. India's energy security and environmental sustainability objectives are balanced in a proposed roadmap for the shift to a cleaner, more efficient thermal power sector.
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Shetty et al. (2025) studied this question.
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