Forensic Psychological Expertise in Civil Procedure: Main Directions and Specificities of Appointment

The article is devoted to the problem of appointing a forensic psychological examination in civil proceedings. Psychological examination in civil proceedings establishes those features of mental activity and their manifestations in a person's behavior, which have legal significance and cause certain legal consequences. In accordance with the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine, the court appoints an expert examination in a case under a set of conditions such as clarifying the circumstances that are significant for the case, necessary special knowledge in a field other than law, without which it is impossible to establish the relevant circumstances and under the condition that the parties ( by the party) appropriate expert opinions on the same issues are not provided or expert opinions raise doubts about their correctness. The author considers theoretical issues regarding the invalidation of deeds committed as a result of "defects of the will", which includes - committing a deed under the influence of error; - committing a deed under the influence of deception; - committing a deed under the influence of violence. Special attention is paid to consideration of such important psychological definitions as will, a complex volitional act and its criteria.Such criteria of volitional action are separately investigated as a volitional action realized, purposeful, intentional, accepted to realization after an own conscious decision; she is necessary after social or by the personal reasons and it is an action that peculiar deficit of motive or braking; initial force of reason not enough in an order to begin this action, to support or stop; it is an action, beginning, continuation or stopping of that is provided by an additional motive by means of intentional change (transformation) of its meaning. The researcher pays special attention to such concepts as "psychological influence" and, depending on the features of its application, distinguishes: - informing (transmission of information); - persuasion (influence on the counterparty with the aim of changing positions0; - suggestion (influence associated with lowering awareness and criticality of received informatio). "Suggestion" means the process of one-sided, active and personalized influence of one person on another person and/or group of people, carried out with the help of a verbal message, and is characterized by an unconscious perception of what is suggested.