Outcomes of an app-based treatment plan for musculoskeletal low back pain: a service evaluation

Background The use of health apps and remote-access treatments has increased in recent years, demonstrating success in managing osteoarthritis of the hip, knee and shoulder. However, the efficacy of these interventions for patients with musculoskeletal low back pain has been varied. Aims This study assesses the effectiveness of a digital healthcare platform that combines physiotherapist-led virtual assessments with app-based exercise therapy and educational content for individuals with musculoskeletal low back pain. Methods This service evaluation assessed patients with musculoskeletal low back pain using the Joint Academy app over 12 weeks. Outcomes measured at baseline and 12 weeks included quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), pain (Numeric Rating Scale), disability (Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire) and function (Sit-to-Stand Test). Changes were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Adherence was categorised as high (≥70%) or low (<70%) and its association with outcomes was examined. Minimal clinically important difference achieved was also calculated. Results Analysis of 88 patients showed improvement in all outcomes at week 12 ( P <0.05), except for EQ-5D-5L mobility. Patients with high adherence showed statistically significant improvements in all outcomes, whereas only the function test improved in those with low adherence. Greater improvements were achieved in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and overall health with higher adherence. Conclusions The app demonstrated potential for improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal low back pain, with greater benefits observed among those with higher programme adherence.