Adenosine, a Metabolic Trigger of the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Humans

Humans undergoing physiological testing (n=5 for ganglionic blockade experiment, n=7 for exercise/microdialysis experiments)

Intrabrachial adenosine injection (3 mg) and forearm exercise (dynamic handgrip at 15% and 50% maximal voluntary contraction) with or without superimposed ischemia

Intravenous adenosine; axillary ganglionic blockade; exercise without ischemia

Systemic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) measured with peroneal microneurography and interstitial levels of adenosine estimated with microdialysissurrogate