Psychological and historical reconstruction of the personal characteristics of a representative of the moral elite (using the example of V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky)

The article is part of a comprehensive psychobiographic study devoted to the reconstruction of the life path and socio-psychological characteristics of an outstanding Russian religious figure, scientist, surgeon Valentin Felixovich Voino-Yasenetsky (1877-1961). The psychobiographic method was developed by N.A. Loginova on the basis of the structural model of personality proposed by B.G. Ananyev with the allocation of such basic forms of human existence as an individual, personality, subject of activity, individuality. In addition to the consistent disclosure of individual, personal properties of a person, his properties as a subject of activity and individuality, the method involves consideration of the socio-historical context of the life path of the studied personality: the circumstances of her life and life events. Voino-Yasenetsky's life path fell during the period of the late XIX – first half of the XX centuries, when Russian society underwent a whole complex of transformations: political, economic, legal, ideological. The revolution and the building of the communist state were carried out with the systematic destruction of Russian spiritual and moral traditions through atheistic propaganda, prohibitions, and repression. The article analyzes the influence of the socio-historical context of Voino-Yasenetsky's life and work, the circumstances of his life, and life events on the formation of this person's personality and the formation of his moral consciousness. The conclusion is made about Valentin Felixovich's hypersensitivity to the events of the macro- and microenvironment. First of all, he was concerned about the spiritual and moral aspects of the changes taking place in society. His high susceptibility to them is a striking socio-psychological characteristic. Another equally striking characteristic is associated with the high activity caused by these events, with the speed of reactions to them and with the determination of actions to protect the spiritual and moral sphere from negative influences, eliminate or minimize their influence.