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March 13, 2017JMIR mhealth and uhealthOpen Access

Resting and Postexercise Heart Rate Detection From Fingertip and Facial Photoplethysmography Using a Smartphone Camera: A Validation Study

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Key result

The Cardiio smartphone app accurately measured heart rate at rest and after exercise using fingertip photoplethysmography (r≥0.994), while facial detection was less accurate post-exercise.

Why the study?

Does the Cardiio smartphone app accurately measure heart rate compared to a 12-lead ECG in healthy young adults at rest and after exercise?

Population

40 healthy participants between 18 and 40 years old with no current medical conditions and not taking…

Comparison

Heart rate measurement using the Cardiio… vs Continuous 12-lead electrocardiogram as the…

Design

Cross-sectional

Authors

BYBryan P. YanCCChristy K. Y. ChanCLChristien KH Li

Discussion

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Overview

Fingertip PPG smartphone apps may enable convenient HR monitoring; leaves open validation in clinical populations before adoption.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=40)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Does the Cardiio smartphone app accurately measure heart rate compared to a 12-lead ECG in healthy young adults at rest and after exercise?

P
Population
40 healthy adults aged 18 to 40 years underwent treadmill exercise to validate heart rate measurements using a smartphone-based photoplethysmography app against a continuous 12-lead ECG.
I
Intervention
Heart rate measurement using the Cardiio smartphone app via fingertip and facial photoplethysmography (PPG) at rest and after moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise.
C
Comparator
Continuous 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) as the reference standard.
O
Outcome
Accuracy of heart rate measurements (agreement between ECG and PPG-estimated HR) evaluated by root mean square error (RMSE) and Bland-Altman plots.surrogate

Main Result

Effect estimate: r=0.997, RMSE=1.03 beats/min

p-value: p=<0.001

The Cardiio smartphone app provides accurate heart rate measurements at rest and after exercise using fingertip photoplethysmography, while facial detection is less accurate post-exercise due to body motion.

Limitations

  • Convenience sample of healthy young adults, which may limit generalizability
  • Method of HR detection using iPhone cameras may not apply to other smartphone cameras
  • Did not include patients with arrhythmia or other heart-related problems
  • Tested under standardized background lighting
  • Method of HR detection from fingertip and facial PPG using iPhone's front and back cameras may not apply to other smartphone cameras

Cite This Study

Yan et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=40). Cardiio smartphone app vs. 12-lead electrocardiogram was evaluated on Accuracy of heart rate measurements (RMSE and correlation) (r=0.997, RMSE=1.03 beats/min, p=<0.001). The Cardiio smartphone app accurately measured heart rate at rest and after exercise using fingertip photoplethysmography (r≥0.994), while facial detection was less accurate post-exercise.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a746a780b1b00a0ee090aa2https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.7275
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Validation of heart rate extraction using video imaging on a built-in camera system of a smartphone2012 · 252 citations
  2. 2PULSE‐SMART: Pulse‐Based Arrhythmia Discrimination Using a Novel Smartphone Application2015 · 165 citations
  3. 3Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement2007 · 3,980 citations
  4. 4Heart Rate Monitors: Validity, Stability, and Functionality1988 · 208 citations
  5. 5Heart rate monitors: State of the art1998 · 207 citations