Key result
Low birthweight is linked to increased adult cardiovascular disease and diabetes, exacerbated by childhood weight gain.
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Reveals that fetal growth restriction and early childhood weight trajectories increase adult cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk, highlighting long-term developmental plasticity.
Low birthweight in relation to the length of gestation, is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. These associations extend across the whole range of birthweight, which implies that normal variations in nutrient delivery to the fetus have profound long-term effects. The associations are thought to reflect the body's plasticity during development, by which its structure and function can be permanently changed by the intra uterine and early post natal environment. Slow growth during infancy and rapid weight gain after the age of two years exacerbate the effect of slow fetal growth. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes arise through a series of interactions between environmental influences and the pathways of development that precede them.
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David J.P. Barker (2006) conducted a review in Fetal growth restriction and adult cardiometabolic disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes). Fetal growth restriction (low birthweight in relation to gestation) was evaluated on Coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Low birthweight relative to gestation is associated with increased adult rates of coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, exacerbated by rapid weight gain after age 2 years.
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