Protocol for non-invasive pulsed-Doppler evaluation of blood flow in the mouse ophthalmic artery

Figure 1. Mouse position and setup for Doppler wave acquisition Critical parts and details are indicated.

Figure 2. Doppler Signal Processing Workstation Software Program starting window

Figure 3. Positioning of the US probe (A) Transverse plane of the mouse; suggested probe angle is indicated. (B) Sagittal plane with a suggested probe angle. (C) Picture of the mouse with the US probe positioned for the recording.

Figure 4. OphA blood flow waveform analysis (A) Characteristic features of arterial blood flow waveform. (B) Examples of OphA Doppler BFV waveforms for quality assessment. (a) Optimal waveform with clear location of peak velocity markers. (b) Suboptimal, but acceptable for analysis of waveform. (c) Unacceptable for analysis of waveform. (C) Example of Oph vein waveform.

Figure 5. Data processing windows, steps 17–20 (A) Analysis menu window, step 17. (B) Analysis Control menu, step 17. (C) Analysis Control window, steps 18, 19. (D) Analysis Control window, step 20.

Figure 6. Data processing windows, steps 21–24 (A) Analysis Control window, step 21. (B) Analysis Control window, step 22. (C) Analysis Control window, step 23. (D) Analysis Control window, step 24 (a). (E) Analysis Control window, step 24 (b). (F) Analysis Control window, step 24 (c).

Figure 7. Time-resolved hemodynamic response to SNP bolus Dynamics of OphA PFV changes in anesthetized mice after 1 mg/kg SNP injection, plotted as the percentage of baseline. Doppler signals were acquired at indicated time points. Data are mean ± SD for 4-month-old male (M, n=5), female (F, n=5), and control (C, n=10) mice. Control mice were injected with PBS. ∗ Indicates p < 0.05 males vs. females (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multi-comparison test).