Key result
Reducing sodium intake to the WHO recommendation of less than 2 g/day could prevent or postpone 27,700 cardiovascular disease deaths per year in the Mexican adult population.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Mexico and sodium intake exceeds recommendations, but the impact of reducing sodium intake on mortality had not been estimated.
Does reducing sodium intake reduce cardiovascular disease mortality in the Mexican adult population?
Does reducing sodium intake reduce cardiovascular disease mortality in the Mexican adult population?
Effect estimate: 27,700 deaths prevented or postponed (95% CI 12,489-41,822)
Population-level reduction of sodium intake to WHO recommended levels (<2 g/day) could prevent approximately 27,700 cardiovascular deaths annually in Mexico.
Model projections support sodium reduction policies; leaves open real-world CVD mortality impact pending implementation studies.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Mexico, while high blood pressure is suffered by about half of the adult population. Sodium intake is one of the main risk factors for these diseases. The Mexican adult population consumes about 3.1 g/day, an amount that exceeds what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) < 2 g sodium/day. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing sodium intake on CVD mortality in Mexico using a scenario simulation model. METHODS: The Integrated Model of Preventable Risk (PRIME) was used to estimate the number of deaths prevented or postponed (DPP) due to CVD in the Mexican adult population following the following sodium intake reduction scenarios: (a) according to the WHO recommendations; (b) an "optimistic" reduction of 30%; and (c) an "intermediate" reduction of 10%. RESULTS: The results show that a total of 27,700 CVD deaths could be prevented or postponed for scenario A, 13,900 deaths for scenario B, and 5,800 for scenario C. For all scenarios, the highest percentages of DPP by type of CVD are related to ischemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, and stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that if Mexico considers implementing policies with greater impact to reduce sodium/salt consumption, a significant number of deaths from CVD could be prevented or postponed.
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Vargas-Meza et al. (2023) studied Cardiovascular disease. Sodium intake reduction to WHO recommendation (< 2 g/day) vs. Baseline sodium intake (3.1 g/day) was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease deaths prevented or postponed (DPP) (27,700 deaths prevented or postponed, 95% CI 12,489-41,822). Reducing sodium intake to the WHO recommendation of less than 2 g/day could prevent or postpone 27,700 cardiovascular disease deaths per year in the Mexican adult population.
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