Key result
Professional soccer players had a higher frequency of the ACE ID and AMPD1 CT genotypes and a lower frequency of the ACE II genotype compared to endurance runners (P<0.001 for ACE II).
Cross-Sectional (n=229)
p-value: p=<0.001
Elite soccer players tend to have a power/strength-oriented genotype profile, characterized by higher ACE ID and lower ACE II frequencies compared to endurance athletes.
Genotype profiles differ by sport; leaves open whether genetic markers aid talent identification or performance prediction.
We determined the genotype and allelic frequency of several genetic polymorphisms (ACE I/D, GDF-8K153R [and also E164K, P198A and I225T] and AMPD1 C34T) that are candidates to influence sports performance in a group of 54 male professional soccer players. Their results were compared with those of elite endurance male athletes (52 runners) and 123 sedentary, healthy men (controls). We found statistical significance for the ACE ID (chi (2)((2))=8.176, P=0.017) and II genotypes (chi(2)((2))=16.137, P<0.001) with a higher and lower frequency of ID ( P=0.005) and II (P<0.001), respectively, in soccer players than in endurance runners. Statistical significance was also reached for AMPD1 (with a higher frequency of the CT genotype in soccer players than in runners [chi(2)((2))=7.538, P=0.006]) but not for GDF-8 K153R. Since the ACE II genotype is associated with improved potential for endurance performance but with decreased training gains in muscle mass and strength, these findings together with previous results support the notion that elite soccer players tend to have a power/strength oriented genotype.
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Juffer et al. (2009) conducted a cross-sectional in Sports performance (n=229). ACE I/D, GDF-8K153R, and AMPD1 C34T genetic polymorphisms vs. Endurance runners and sedentary controls was evaluated on Genotype and allelic frequency of genetic polymorphisms (p=<0.001). Professional soccer players had a higher frequency of the ACE ID and AMPD1 CT genotypes and a lower frequency of the ACE II genotype compared to endurance runners (P<0.001 for ACE II).
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