Key result
Achieving the Australian Suggested Dietary Target for sodium intake could prevent 59,220 incident chronic kidney disease cases and 568 deaths by 2030 compared to current intake levels.
Why the study?
Most studies of sodium intake have focused on heart disease and stroke, leaving its impact on chronic kidney disease less well-characterised.
Does achieving national sodium reduction targets reduce incident chronic kidney disease and mortality in the Australian population?
Does achieving national sodium reduction targets reduce incident chronic kidney disease and mortality in the Australian population?
Effect estimate: 59,220 cases prevented (95% CI 53,140-65,500)
Achieving Australian national sodium reduction targets is projected to substantially reduce chronic kidney disease incidence, mortality, and healthcare costs.
Modeling projects CKD benefits from sodium targets; leaves open need for prospective trials before practice change.
Background Excess sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of vascular complications. Most studies have focused on heart disease and stroke, but the impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less well-characterised. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of sodium intake on CKD burden in Australia. Methods A dynamic epidemiological model was developed to estimate the potential impact on CKD if the Australian Suggested Dietary Target (SDT) and the National Preventive Health Strategy 2021-2030 (NPHS) sodium target were achieved. Outcomes were estimated between 2019 (base year) and 2030, and lifetime. Findings Achieving the SDT and NPHS target could lower overall mean systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg and 1.7 mmHg respectively. Compared to current sodium intake levels, attaining the SDT could prevent 59,220 (95% UI, 53,140 – 65,500) incident CKD cases and 568 (95% UI, 479 – 652) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this is projected to generate 199,488 (95% UI, 180,910 – 218,340) HALYs and AU$ 644 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Similarly, if achieved, the NPHS is estimated to prevent 49,890 (95% UI, 44,377 – 55,569) incident CKD cases and 511 (95% UI, 426 – 590) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this could produce 170,425 (95% UI, 155,017 – 186,559) HALYs and AU$ 514 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Conclusion Achieving the national sodium reduction targets could deliver substantial health and economic benefits for people with CKD in Australia. Robust government action is required in order to achieve the projected outcomes of these policy targets.
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Aminde et al. (2022) studied Chronic kidney disease. Sodium reduction to Australian Suggested Dietary Target (SDT) or National Preventive Health Strategy (NPHS) target vs. Current sodium intake levels was evaluated on Incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases prevented by 2030 (SDT target) (59,220 cases prevented, 95% CI 53,140-65,500). Achieving the Australian Suggested Dietary Target for sodium intake could prevent 59,220 incident chronic kidney disease cases and 568 deaths by 2030 compared to current intake levels.
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