Early Cardiac Workload and Long-Term Prognosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Insights from a Large Multicenter Cohort

Figures

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  Fig. 1.. Restricted cubic spline curves of the association between rate-pressure product (RPP) and primary outcomes. The red solid lines represent the odds ratios (ORs) for (a) 90-day unfavorable functional outcome and (b) 1-year unfavorable functional outcome, and the hazard ratios (HRs) for (c) 90-day all-cause mortality and (d) 1-year all-cause mortality. The blue dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the gray bars represent histograms of RPP distribution. Models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, medical history (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction), modified Rankin Scale score before onset, admission Glasgow Coma Scale, location of hematoma, hematoma volume, intraventricular extension and in-hospital medications (antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering agents).

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  Fig. 2.. Distribution of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores across quartiles of rate-pressure product. (a) mRS scores at 90 days. (b) mRS scores at 1 year.

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  Fig. 3.. 1-year Kaplan-Meier survival curves across quartiles of rate-pressure product.

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  Fig. 4.. Subgroup analyses of the association between rate-pressure product and outcomes. Forest plots show (a) 90-day unfavorable functional outcome (OR), (b) 1-year unfavorable functional outcome (OR), (c) 90-day all-cause mortality (HR), and (d) 1-year all-cause mortality (HR) across subgroups. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.