Assessing the phonological skills of young children, or of older children with delayed speech, is difficult because limited vocabulary and low intelligibility often preclude the use of a standardized articulation test. This article provides a framework for collecting and analyzing speech samples from this population with particular attention to phonetic transcription of these samples. A protocol for transcription is provided along with a discussion of the use of diacrities. The article includes a description of “fuzzy speech” and offers advice on how to deal with transcription of speech that falls into this category.
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Carol Stoel‐Gammon (2001) studied this question.