Long Noncoding RNAs: Novel Important Players in Adipocyte Lipid Metabolism and Derivative Diseases

Figures

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  Figure 1. Classification and function modes of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). (A) LncRNAs can be classified into five categories, including sense, antisense, intergenic, intronic, and bidirectional groups according to their relative location with the protein-coding genes. (B) LncRNAs function in four archetypes. Archetype I: As signals, lncRNAs can take part in signaling pathways to regulate gene expression. Archetype II: As decoys, lncRNAs combine with transcription factors to block the pathways. Archetype III: As guides, lncRNAs direct protein complexes to specific genome sites. Archetype IV: As scaffolds, lncRNAs recruit several proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes.

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  Figure 2. Long noncoding RNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, liver, and kidney disease as well as cancers.

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  Figure 3. The role of lncRNA in adipogenesis. Adipogenesis mainly includes two stages: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) in adipose tissue differentiate into adipose progenitor cells and further into preadipocytes. In the second stage, preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes including white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT).

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  Figure 4. Summary of key roles of lncRNAs in diabetic complications.