Why the study?
The relationship between diabetic microvascular complications and the incidence of HFrEF versus non-HFrEF in patients without prior heart failure had not been clarified.
Do diabetic microvascular complications predict the incidence of non-HFrEF hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without prior heart failure?
Do diabetic microvascular complications predict the incidence of non-HFrEF hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without prior heart failure?
In patients with type 2 diabetes without prior heart failure, the progression of diabetic microangiopathy is strongly associated with the development of non-HFrEF (LVEF ≥ 40%) hospitalization.
Microvascular complications may warrant closer HF monitoring in T2DM; leaves open differential prediction of HFrEF versus non-HFrEF.
AIMS: The relationship between diabetic microvascular complications and the incidence of two types of heart failure-heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 40%) and non-HFrEF (LVEF ≥ 40%)-in patients without prior heart failure has not been clarified. We herein examined the association between diabetic microvascular complications and HFrEF or non-HFrEF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without prior heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the relationship between the presence of diabetic microvascular complications or severity of diabetic retinopathy (no apparent, non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy) and nephropathy (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria) at baseline, with the primary outcome of first heart failure hospitalization classified as HFrEF or non-HFrEF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without prior heart failure. Among 568 patients (69.2% males, mean age 66.2 ± 9.6 years), 70 experienced heart failure hospitalization (HFrEF: 24 and non-HFrEF: 46). Non-HFrEF hospitalization but not HFrEF hospitalization was significantly associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications. The incidence of non-HFrEF hospitalization was significantly higher in the proliferative retinopathy group than that in the no apparent retinopathy group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-6.83, P = 0.035) and in those with macroalbuminuria than in those with normoalbuminuria (adjusted HR 4.23, 95% CI: 2.24-7.85, P < 0.001) even after adjustment for age and sex. When non-HFrEF was classified into heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) (40% ≤ LVEF < 50%) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (50% ≤ LVEF), HFmrEF and HFpEF hospitalizations were also found to be associated with the progression of retinopathy and nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with T2DM without prior heart failure, non-HFrEF hospitalization was more closely associated with the progression of diabetic microangiopathy than HFrEF. The development of non-HFrEF may be mediated through a mechanism similar to that of microvascular complications in these patients.
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Tochiya et al. (2023) studied this question.
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