Comparative analysis shows reforms in criminal justice systems support victim recovery, emphasizing dignity and sensitivity.
Secondary victimization is the additional psychological, emotional, and social harm that victims experience through insensitive or inadequate treatment by criminal justice institutions after the original offence. This study argues that trauma-informed, victim-centred reforms are essential to protect victims' dignity, promote recovery, and strengthen justice, particularly within Pakistan's criminal justice system.
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Malik Imtiaz Ahmad (2026) studied this question.
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