Health-related Quality of Life and its Associated Factors among Indonesian Prolanis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to pose a significant public health burden in Indonesia and is widely managed through the Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) in primary healthcare settings. Nevertheless, research evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially within community pharmacy practice, is still limited. This study was conducted to evaluate HRQoL and its associated factors among Prolanis patients with T2DM attending community pharmacies in Indonesia. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among Prolanis patients with T2DM who received services at two community pharmacies belonging to a national pharmacy chain in Bandung (West Java) and Samarinda (East Kalimantan) from September 2023 to February 2024. HRQoL was evaluated using the EuroQol five-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Data on the sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related characteristics were obtained through interviews and medical record reviews. Both bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with HRQoL. Results The study included 102 participants. The average EQ-5D utility score was 0.79 ± 0.15, and the median EQ-VAS score was 70 (IQR 65–80). A lower HRQoL was independently associated with advanced age ( p = 0.008), female gender ( p = 0.034), a longer duration of diabetes ( p = 0.005), and the presence of diabetes-related complications ( p = 0.002). In contrast, regular pharmacy counseling showed a positive association with HRQoL ( p = 0.019). No statistically significant relationship was identified between HbA1c levels and HRQoL following multivariable adjustment. Discussion HRQoL among Prolanis patients with T2DM was influenced by sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors, highlighting the importance of patient-centered diabetes care in community pharmacy settings. Conclusion HRQoL among Prolanis patients with T2DM in community pharmacy settings was associated with several sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors. Routine pharmacy counseling may contribute to improved patient-reported outcomes in diabetes care.